2 Samuel 9:10

Authorized King James Version

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Thou therefore, and thy sons, and thy servants, shall till the land for him, and thou shalt bring in the fruits, that thy master's son may have food to eat: but Mephibosheth thy master's son shall eat bread alway at my table. Now Ziba had fifteen sons and twenty servants.

Original Language Analysis

וְעָבַ֣דְתָּ shall till H5647
וְעָבַ֣דְתָּ shall till
Strong's: H5647
Word #: 1 of 27
to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc
לּ֣וֹ H0
לּ֣וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 2 of 27
אֶֽת H853
אֶֽת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 3 of 27
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָאֲדָמָ֡ה the land H127
הָאֲדָמָ֡ה the land
Strong's: H127
Word #: 4 of 27
soil (from its general redness)
אַתָּה֩ H859
אַתָּה֩
Strong's: H859
Word #: 5 of 27
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
בָּנִ֖ים Thou therefore and thy sons H1121
בָּנִ֖ים Thou therefore and thy sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 6 of 27
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
עֲבָדִֽים׃ and thy servants H5650
עֲבָדִֽים׃ and thy servants
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 7 of 27
a servant
וְהֵבֵ֗אתָ for him and thou shalt bring H935
וְהֵבֵ֗אתָ for him and thou shalt bring
Strong's: H935
Word #: 8 of 27
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
וְהָיָ֨ה H1961
וְהָיָ֨ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 9 of 27
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
בָּנִ֖ים Thou therefore and thy sons H1121
בָּנִ֖ים Thou therefore and thy sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 10 of 27
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אֲדֹנֶ֔יךָ in the fruits that thy master's H113
אֲדֹנֶ֔יךָ in the fruits that thy master's
Strong's: H113
Word #: 11 of 27
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
לֶ֖חֶם bread H3899
לֶ֖חֶם bread
Strong's: H3899
Word #: 12 of 27
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
יֹאכַ֥ל shall eat H398
יֹאכַ֥ל shall eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 13 of 27
to eat (literally or figuratively)
וּמְפִיבֹ֙שֶׁת֙ but Mephibosheth H4648
וּמְפִיבֹ֙שֶׁת֙ but Mephibosheth
Strong's: H4648
Word #: 14 of 27
mephibosheth, the name of two israelites
בָּנִ֖ים Thou therefore and thy sons H1121
בָּנִ֖ים Thou therefore and thy sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 15 of 27
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אֲדֹנֶ֔יךָ in the fruits that thy master's H113
אֲדֹנֶ֔יךָ in the fruits that thy master's
Strong's: H113
Word #: 16 of 27
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
יֹאכַ֥ל shall eat H398
יֹאכַ֥ל shall eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 17 of 27
to eat (literally or figuratively)
תָּמִ֛יד alway H8548
תָּמִ֛יד alway
Strong's: H8548
Word #: 18 of 27
properly, continuance (as indefinite extension); but used only (attributively as adjective) constant (or adverbially, constantly); elliptically the re
לֶ֖חֶם bread H3899
לֶ֖חֶם bread
Strong's: H3899
Word #: 19 of 27
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 20 of 27
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
שֻׁלְחָנִ֑י at my table H7979
שֻׁלְחָנִ֑י at my table
Strong's: H7979
Word #: 21 of 27
a table (as spread out); by implication, a meal
וּלְצִיבָ֗א Now Ziba H6717
וּלְצִיבָ֗א Now Ziba
Strong's: H6717
Word #: 22 of 27
tsiba, an israelite
חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה had fifteen H2568
חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה had fifteen
Strong's: H2568
Word #: 23 of 27
five
עָשָׂ֛ר H6240
עָשָׂ֛ר
Strong's: H6240
Word #: 24 of 27
ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth
בָּנִ֖ים Thou therefore and thy sons H1121
בָּנִ֖ים Thou therefore and thy sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 25 of 27
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים and twenty H6242
וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים and twenty
Strong's: H6242
Word #: 26 of 27
twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth
עֲבָדִֽים׃ and thy servants H5650
עֲבָדִֽים׃ and thy servants
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 27 of 27
a servant

Analysis & Commentary

Thou therefore, and thy sons, and thy servants, shall till the land for him, and thou shalt bring in the fruits, that thy master's son may have food to eat: but Mephibosheth thy master's son shall eat bread alway at my table. Now Ziba had fifteen sons and twenty servants.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Kindness to Mephibosheth, emphasizing covenant faithfulness, grace. David's kindness to Mephibosheth illustrates chesed (חֶסֶד, covenant faithfulness/loyal love). This grace shown to Jonathan's crippled son demonstrates covenant loyalty transcending political expedience. The narrative foreshadows God's grace toward spiritually crippled humanity. Cross-references to David and Jonathan's covenant (1 Samuel 18:3, 20:14-17) and New Testament grace themes enrich understanding.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 9 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding covenant faithfulness, grace provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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